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HMS ''Cumberland'' was one of 10 armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She was assigned to the 2nd Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet upon completion in 1903. After a refit in 1907–08 she became a training ship in the Home Fleet. She was sent to West Africa after the beginning of World War I in August 1914 and captured 10 German merchant ships in September. ''Cumberland'' spent the rest of the war on convoy escort duties and patrolling for German commerce raiders. She was sold for scrap in 1921 and broken up two years later. ==Design and description== ''Cumberland'' was designed to displace . The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a deep draught of . She was powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, which produced a total of and gave a maximum speed of . The engines were powered by 31 Belleville boilers.〔Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 70〕 She carried a maximum of of coal and her complement consisted of 678 officers and enlisted men.〔Friedman 2012, p. 336〕 Her main armament consisted of fourteen breech-loading (BL) 6-inch Mk VII guns.〔Friedman 2011, p. 81〕 Four of these guns were mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure and the others positioned in casemates amidships. Six of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather.〔Friedman 2012, pp. 251–52, 260–61〕 They had a maximum range of approximately with their shells.〔Friedman 2011, pp. 80–81〕 Ten quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder 12 cwt guns were fitted for defence against torpedo boats.〔 ''Cumberland'' also carried three 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18-inch torpedo tubes.〔 Beginning in 1915, the main deck six-inch guns of the ''Monmouth''-class ships were moved to the upper deck and given gun shields. Their casemates were plated over to improve seakeeping. The twelve-pounder guns displaced by the transfer were repositioned elsewhere. At some point in the war, a pair of three-pounder anti-aircraft guns were installed on the upper deck.〔Friedman 2012, pp. 280, 286〕 The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of and was closed off by transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets and their barbettes was four inches thick while the casemate armour was five inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Cumberland (1902)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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